Types of Acne

Acne, pimples, zits - different names for the same thing, a skin condition characterized by spots of red swelling on the skin. Most types of acne are caused by the same thing - an excessive production of sebum which clogs the skin pores with dead cells and bacteria.

Sebum is an oily substance which, in normal levels, keeps our hair and skin soft and supple. For some reason, during adolescence sebum production goes wild, causing excessively oily skin which can block the skin pores and lead to several types of acne.

Although most types of acne are easy to control, there are a few types of severe acne are very difficult to control and can cause pain and disfigurement.

The most common type of acne is Acne Vulgaris -Latin for "Common Acne." This type of acne is responsible for blackheads, whiteheads, pustules, papules, nodules, and cysts.

Blackheads

These are caused by partially blocked pores which prevent dead skin cells and bacteria from escaping. Because the pores are only partially blocked, the pigment of the skin cells darkens on exposure to air.

Whiteheads

Whiteheads are similar to blackheads except that the pores are completely blocked so that the skin cells and sebum do not darken.

Pustules

This type of acne is commonly referred to as "pimples." They are a red swelling on the skin with a white or yellow center.

Papules

These are small, tender red bumps which are a source of irritation. When papules are squeezed or scratched they can lead to scarring.

Severe Types of Acne

The following types of acne are more severe than the types listed above and should always be treated by a dermatologist.

Nodules

Nodules are larger than other types of acne. These are hard lumps which form beneath the surface of the skin causing pain and discomfort. Nodules are particularly vulnerable to scarring, so should be treated by a dermatologist.

Cysts

Cysts are also a more severe type of acne. They are similar to nodules except they are filled with pus and can be extremely painful. Cysts are also likely to cause scars, and should be treated by a dermatologist.

Acne Conglobata

This is a rare type of Acne Vulgaris which causes extreme disfigurement. It is characterized by large lesions and blackheads on the face, chest, back, buttocks, upper arms, and thighs. It is extremely painful and can cause psychological suffering, as well as lead to permanent scarring. Acne Conglobata can last for several years and is more common in males than females.

Acne Fulminans

Acne Conglobata can appear suddenly and be accompanied by joint pain and fever. This condition is called Acne Fulminans, and is usually treated with oral steroids.

Gram-Negative Folliculitis

This is a condition associated with the long-term use of antibiotics. It is a bacterial infection which causes pustules and cysts to form on the skin.

Pyoderma Faciale

This type of acne only affects adult females, most of whom have never before had acne. Large painful pustules, nodules and cysts form on the face which can cause permanent scarring. It usually clears up within a year.

Acne Rosacea

This type of acne is called "adult acne." It usually appears in patients over 30 and causes a rash on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin. Pimples and other skin blemishes may also occur. It is more common in females than males, but men usually have more severe symptoms.